微服务

发布日期: 2019-04-21

文章字数: 2.6k

阅读时长: 14 分

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是资源呈现出来的形式，比如上述URI返回的HTML或JSON，包括HTTP Header等；
REST是一个无状态的架构模式，因为在任何时候都可以由客户端发出请求到服务端，最终返回自己想要的数据，当前请求不会受到上次请求的影响。也就是说，服务端将内部资源发布REST服务，客户端通过URL来定位这些资源并通过HTTP协议来访问它们。

项目结构

为了实现REST风格的设计我们需要首先构建一个空项目,在添加一个项目作为父项目,设计统一的版本。在父项目中我们设计统一的资源。

microservicecloud

父项目microservicecloud只有这一个XML来统一管理版本问题。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.hph.springcloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <modules>
        <module>microservicecloud-api</module>
        <module>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</module>
        <module>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</module>
    </modules>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
        <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.47</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
                <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.31</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.0</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
                <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.3</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>${junit.version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>${log4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

microservicecloud-api

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hph.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
        <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

</project>

microservicecloud-api只有这个类，为什么没有get，set呢，这是因为我们使用了lombok

package com.hph.springcloud.entities;

import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;

import java.io.Serializable;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
public class Dept implements Serializable {
    private Long deptno;   //主键
    private String dname;   //部门名称
    private String db_source;//来自那个数据库，因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库，同一个信息被存储到不同数据库

    public Dept(String dname) {
        super();
        this.dname = dname;
    }
}

在此之前我们需要执行 Maven install 来将这个公有使用的Bean安装到Maven依赖中。

microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001

新建一个MAVEN在microserviceclou中作为microserviceclou的子项目。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hph.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.hph.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

mybatis.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">

<configuration>

    <settings>
        <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/><!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
    </settings>

</configuration>

config

application.yml

server:
  port: 8001

mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml        # mybatis配置文件所在路径
  type-aliases-package: com.hph.springcloud.entities    # 所有Entity别名类所在包
  mapper-locations:
    - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml                       # mapper映射文件

spring:
  application:
    name: microservicecloud-dept
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.110:3306/cloudDB01              # 数据库名称
    username: root
    password: 123456
    dbcp2:
      min-idle: 5                                           # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
      initial-size: 5                                       # 初始化连接数
      max-total: 5                                          # 最大连接数
      max-wait-millis: 200                                  # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间

数据准备

 docker run --name mysql -p 3306:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.6 --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB01;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB01 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB01;
CREATE TABLE dept
(
  deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  dname VARCHAR(60),
  db_source   VARCHAR(60)
);

service

package com.hph.springcloud.service;

import com.hph.springcloud.entities.Dept;

import java.util.List;

public interface DeptService
{
  public boolean add(Dept dept);
  public Dept    get(Long id);
  public List<Dept> list();
}

package com.hph.springcloud.service;

import com.hph.springcloud.dao.DeptDao;
import com.hph.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService
{
  @Autowired
  private DeptDao dao ;
  
  @Override
  public boolean add(Dept dept)
  {
   return dao.addDept(dept);
  }
 
  @Override
  public Dept get(Long id)
  {
   return dao.findById(id);
  }
 
  @Override
  public List<Dept> list()
  {
   return dao.findAll();
  }
 
}

mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.hph.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">

    <select id="findById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
   select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
  </select>
    <select id="findAll" resultType="com.hph.springcloud.entities.Dept">
   select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;
  </select>
    <insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
   INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
  </insert>

</mapper>

DeptServiceImpl

package com.hph.springcloud.service;

import com.hph.springcloud.dao.DeptDao;
import com.hph.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService
{
  @Autowired
  private DeptDao dao ;
  
  @Override
  public boolean add(Dept dept)
  {
   return dao.addDept(dept);
  }
 
  @Override
  public Dept get(Long id)
  {
   return dao.findById(id);
  }
 
  @Override
  public List<Dept> list()
  {
   return dao.findAll();
  }
 
}

DeptController

微服务提供者REST风格

package com.hph.springcloud.controller;

import com.hph.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import com.hph.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class DeptController {
    @Autowired
    private DeptService service;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/dept/add",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept) {
        return service.add(dept);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return service.get(id);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/dept/list",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public List<Dept> list() {
        return service.list();
    }
}

DeptProvider8001_App

package com.hph.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider8001_App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class,args);
    }
}

microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.hph.springcloud</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.hph.springcloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
            <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 80

cfbeans

package com.hph.springcloud.cfbeans;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return  new RestTemplate();
    }
}

controller

package com.hph.springcloud.controller;

import com.hph.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer {

    private  static  final  String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
   /* 使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。
            (url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表
    REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。*/
   @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

   @RequestMapping(value = "/consume/dept/add",method = RequestMethod.POST)
   public boolean add(Dept dept){
       return  restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
        return  restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @RequestMapping(value = "/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list(){
        return  restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
    }


}

DeptConsumer80_App

package com.hph.springcloud;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer80_App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
    }
}

测试

我们首先启动``microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001的服务提供端，然后启动microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80`消费端，注意我们在消费端仅仅只是编写了一个Controller和一个启动类，其他的什么也没有了。

然而当我们查询的时候时候可以发现服务可以使用这是为什么呢？这是因为我们添加了RestTemplate，它提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集。

使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。(url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表
REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。

使用Postman发送

http://localhost/consume/dept/add?dname=数据中台

我们再调用一下查询方法

可以查询到数据了，一个简单的微服务通过HTTP调用服务就实现了。

清风笑丶

http://www.hphblog.cn/2019/04/21/springcloud-yu-rest-wei-fu-wu-gou-jian/

本博客所有文章除特別声明外，均采用 CC BY 4.0 许可协议。转载请注明来源清风笑丶 !

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